Have Trump’s first 100 days taken us back to the 1970s?

Much as this column would like to offer something which does not mention words such as ‘Trump,’ ‘trade,’ and ‘tariffs,’ it is rather difficult to do so, and at least the approach of the one-hundredth day of the President’s second term in office gives us chance to take stock.

At the time of writing, Trump’s second time in the White House looks set to give investors in US equities their roughest start to a new Presidency since the Second World War, using the S&P 500 index as a benchmark.

Trump’s second term could offer US investors the toughest start to any post-war Presidency

Source: LSEG Refinitiv data. * John F. Kennedy assassinated in November 1963 and replaced by Lyndon B. Johnson. ** Richard M. Nixon resigned August 1974 and replaced by Gerald R. Ford. ***Donald J. Trump up to 24 April 2025

“The imposition of blanket tariffs, an escalation of tensions with China and then a flurry of sidesteps and backtracks, as additional reciprocal levies are delayed, exemptions are provided for technology hardware and tentative olive branches are offered to Beijing leave everyone confused and seem to be shaking markets’ prior strong faith in American exceptionalism.”

This is a remarkable change of heart, given the rapturous welcome given to Trump’s election victory last November, when the S&P 500 (and the dollar) soared, while US Treasury yields remained stable. The imposition of blanket tariffs, an escalation of tensions with China and then a flurry of sidesteps and backtracks, as additional reciprocal levies are delayed, exemptions are provided for technology hardware and tentative olive branches are offered to Beijing leave everyone confused and seem to be shaking markets’ prior strong faith in American exceptionalism.

The outperformance of US equity indices, the concomitant surge in the stock market capitalisation of the S&P 500 to an all-time high as a percentage of global market cap, and the lofty (and in some cases record high) earnings multiples applied to the US market all reflected how markets thought America was already great.

Their reassessment of this view shows in how US indices have retreated and taken valuation multiples lower. Now advisers and clients must wait to see if corporate earnings start to weaken to provide another challenge.

Nixon shock

“The good news is the data show a sticky start does not mean a Presidency is doomed to provide poor returns over its full term. Truman and Eisenhower’s first stints in office are clear about this. However, it is noticeable that the only Presidencies which offered beginnings as weak as this one presented what may be uncanny echoes of current circumstances.”

The good news is the data show a sticky start does not mean a Presidency is doomed to provide poor returns over its full term. Truman and Eisenhower’s first stints in office are clear about this. However, it is noticeable that the only Presidencies which offered beginnings as weak as this one also presented what may be uncanny echoes of current circumstances:

• George W. Bush took office in January 2001, just as the technology, media and telecoms bubble bull run turned into a massive bust. Investors fled as earnings disappointment, not to mention a rash of initial public offerings and secondary issues, persuaded them to realise valuations were untenably stretched.

George W. Bush took office at an unpropitious time

Source: LSEG Refinitiv data.

• None of this could be laid at Bush’s door and a difficult macroeconomic environment also made Nixon’s second term a treacherous one for US equity investors. However, this is where the echoes with current events get stronger still, thanks to the so-called Nixon shock of summer 1971. To help fund military conflict in Vietnam and welfare programmes at home, Nixon took the dollar off the gold standard, let the US currency slide and imposed tariffs on imports in an attempt to reset the global financial system to American advantage. An unexpected oil price spike in 1973, thanks to an Arab embargo in the wake of American support for Israel, complicated matters no end, but Nixon’s actions set off a chain of events that ushered in an era of inflation, if not stagflation, and misery (in real terms) for anyone who owned US equities, US bonds or cash – only gold and ‘real’ assets (commodities) provided a real bolt-hole.

Gold and equities sheltered investors from the Nixon shock

Source: LSEG Refinitiv data.

Trump shock?

“Trump’s determination to lessen America’s trade deficit, weaken the dollar and re-set global trade terms smacks of Nixon’s plan, and also comes at a time when Federal finances hem in the President, albeit this time in the form of record borrowing levels rather than the straitjacket of the gold standard.”

Trump’s determination to lessen America’s trade deficit, weaken the dollar and re-set global trade terms smacks of Nixon’s plan, and also comes at a time when Federal finances hem in the President, albeit this time in the form of record borrowing levels rather than the straitjacket of the gold standard.

Advisers and clients must now answer two sets of (inter-related) questions when they assess portfolio allocations:

• Do markets now feel less comfortable owning dollar-denominated assets, owing to the Trump Presidential policies, and how they are being implemented? If so, they may have further to fall as valuations are recalibrated lower to reflect such doubts and the scope for policy error and earnings disappointment. If not, the current chaos could indeed be a classic chance to ‘buy on the dip’.

• Is the economic environment now going to be markedly different (as it was after the Nixon shock)? Since the Great Financial Crisis, low growth, low inflation and low interest rates have prevailed, to the benefit of long duration and secular growth and yield assets such as tech and biotech stocks and (long-dated) bonds. If the world is different, with more inflation, higher and more volatile interest rates and less predictable growth, is it not logical to expect different asset options to outperform? Gold (and commodities) may, again, be the best guide here..

Gold and commodity prices are hinting at a major change in the macro backdrop

Source: LSEG Refinitiv data.

Past performance is not a guide to future performance and some investments need to be held for the long term.